Featured Image: Hamilton Tiger Cats host Ottawa Redblacks – Joseph Simpson
May marks start to preseason for the Canadian Football League (CFL), and with it, probably one of Canada’s best kept secrets. While Hockey and Lacrosse have reputations as quintissential Canadian sports globally, their own version of American Football, is often not heard of outside of North America. Even athletes from the United States who don’t make the cut for the sport’s far better known and competitive NFL, often find out about the league shortly before signing into it. It’s a sport, and a professional league, that is strictly Canadian.
Grassroots Canadian Football
As a newcomer to Canada, I was surprised to find out about the sporting practices at grassroots level differ significantly from the experiences we have back home in New Zealand. The two differences appear to be firstly, that schools often only field one team per gender per sport, don’t make the first XI soccer team? There’s no second XI, you’ll have to go and find a club to play with this year and try again next year. The second is that because of this competitive nature to even making the team, most sports have grassroots pathways that focus strictly on clubs, and have separate options for those not competing at secondary school. A clear example of this is Ice Hockey. Is all of the High School going down to the rink ahead of the big game? You’d be wrong. Hockey is largely played outside of education institutions, the truth is, they’re all off to watch their High School Football Team. How Canadian!
All jokes aside, it is very Canadian, and one of the most well attended sports in North America. In fact, with an average of 20,000 spectators a game, sits in third place only behind the NFL and Major League Baseball in attendance records. That’s right, the CFL has more consistent attendances than Hockey!
The CFL
Canadian Football is a nine-team competition that spans the width of the nation, with the exception of the anxiously anticipated Atlantic Canada. The season and post-season runs for about six months mostly over the late spring through summer, usually wrapping up as Hockey and Lacrosse take the stage.
For those reading this in Toronto, you will be happy to know that there is a local team bleeding blue and white, the Argos. The often overlooked member of MLSE, Toronto have produced some great results in the recent history, winning the competition in 2022 and 2025. Readers in Vancouver will be also happy to know that their province is home to the BC lions, less happy to know they are, and have been for a long time, frankly, rubbish.
While not hotspots for New Zealanders, some of the teams with the strongest fanbases are in Edmonton, Alberta and Hamilton, Ontario. The Elks and Tiger-Cats respectively have a rich history in the league, with several championships, while recent history hasn’t been kind, their fans remember glory days and whether it’s a great atmosphere, daunting chants, or their rich histories, these two teams have got it all.
But the team to watch seems to be the Saskatchewan Roughriders, the only professional sports team in Regina, and one of only two in the province alongside Sakatoon’s Saskatchewan Rush, the local Lacrosse team. Perhaps its the lack of other things to do in the city, or the fact that the reigning champions have been on fire last season and many more beforehand, but the often forgotten prarie province makes their voice heard every week in Canadian Football.
If you do get a chance to go to a CFL game, I’d highly recommend going to one of the derby matches between rivals, as this is where the atmosphere is at its height. And luckily, all of these fixtures happen at least once a year on Labour day in the iconic Labour Day Classic. In Alberta the Calgary Stampede comes early when the Calgary Stampeders (Yes, that’s their name) host the Edmonton Elks. In Ontario, the Toronto Argos and Hamilton Tiger-Cats is such a fierce rivalry they chant obscenities about eachother even when the opposition is a different team! The french speaking Montreal Alouettes are arguably rivals of all Ontario teams, but Ottawas Redblacks is certainly the team to beat for fans every year. And while quite far away from eachother, Saskatchewan’s Roughriders have also seen a rivalry form against the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, as both teams have risen to be dominant forces in the competition at similar times.
The full list of teams are:
- British Columbia – BC Lions
- Alberta – Calgary Stampeders
- Alberta – Edmonton Elks
- Saskatchewan – Saskatchewan Roughriders
- Manitoba – Winnipeg Blue Bombers
- Ontario – Hamilton Tiger-Cats
- Ontario – Ottawa Redblacks
- Ontario – Toronto Argos
- Quebec – Montreal Alouettes
The Rules
What excatly makes Canadian Football unique from it’s U.S equivalent is similar to the differences between our favourites Rugby Union and Rugby League. As with League’s limit on phases and a faster uncontested set piece, making for overall a usually quicker game. The CFL’s differences to the NFL acheive a similar result. In the CFL, the limit on “downs” , essentially phases or passages of play, is just three, this makes a more pass-heavy game, with more than one pass far more common than the American game, and makes the attack more aggressive in achieving their 10-yard reset on their downs. There’s also a lot more space to move the ball, with 110 yards of legnth to the main field (compared to NFL’s 100), 65 yards of width (compared to NFL’s 53.5) and a huge end zone of 20 yards (compared to NFL’s 10). The extended end zone also sees far more defensive plays inside, as teams failing to run missed kicks out of thier end zone still concede 1 point. To make up for this extra space, pace, and further defensive challenges, Canadian Football is a twelve-a-side game, although the additional player certainly doesn’t slow down the game in any way. There are several other small differences between the codes.
Personally, I would say, as a huge fan of both codes of rugby, that Canadian football makes up significant ground that make American Football often so difficult to watch for those outside of North America, the increased pace of the game being the most important. While it won’t knock your New Zealand merino wool socks proudly purchased at Mitre 10 off, I personally found my CFL experience at the Tim Hortons Field far more enjoyable than NFL’s Highmark Stadium south of the border.
The rules, just like league and union are in a constant state of flux, but whereas the two rugby code’s lawmakers are constantly trying to out-innovate eachother, Canadian Football’s attitue is more sympathetic to the American code, much to the dismay of locals.
Rules are constantly being tweaked to make the game be more like the NFL. A big part of this is due to the differing dynamics between the codes compared to Union and League. While Union is the dominant international code worldwide, and club code in all of the Northern Hemisphere apart from about five villages in Northern England, League’s NRL is certainly a heavyweight competitor for attention. NRL and Super Rugby are at eachother’s throats over stadium and television viewership and it is not uncommon for cross-code players to float between each competition, with at least one making the switch to either every year.
The CFL-NFL debate
The NFL does not have the global reach of other internationally recognised sports, let alone North American-born sports. While their exhibition games are crowd-bringers, it hasn’t translated into strong grassroots interest or significant development into domestic competitons. Outside of a small number of European countries, most notably, Austria, Great Britain, and Germany (Fun fact: the Austrian Under-20s team in a famous recent upset, beat the USA in the bronze medal match), Canada is the only real country with a strong interest in the sport and the team to back it up. In fact, as of May 2026, the last three Junior football championships, Canada have been champions.
While NCAA Football will likely always reign supreme as the feeder for the NFL, for foreigners, older players, or undrafted players, there isn’t a huge amount of leagues they can play in that are a high enough level that they can keep within the sights of scouts and coaches, an issue prospects in most other sports don’t have, there isn’t an NFL story just like Marty Banks’ journey from playing deep in the Russian Federation’s heartland before that fateful 2015 Highlanders championship.
Europe’s American Football League, one of the only other professional leagues outside of the U.S and Canada, has seen great instability in it’s short-lived history, with the previous administration of the European League of Football essentially folding due to a team revolt. A new league, largely based around Central Europe, is kicking off this month. Hamburg and Frankfurt’s ineptitude make crossing the Atlantic a risky place for any journeyman American to play their beloved sport. This leaves only one option.
Canada, as the only other country with a strong interest in the sport domestically, have seen more and more players from south of the border cross over to join their teams, combined with the fruits of their junior programme’s labour leading to the highest amount of active Canadian players in the NFL in their history, and NFL interest at an all-time high, with sometimes half the crowd of a Buffalo Bills game coming from Ontario, CFL teams are essentially becoming feeders to the NFL. This puts Canadian rulemakers and directors at a difficult crossroads. Do they cave into the pressure from the NFL and adjust their game to play more similar to the American, or outright abolish their own, rules of the game, becoming vassals? The NFL’s 51st state, if you will. Or will they stay true to their roots, and keep the CFL a game strictly by Canadians, for Canadians? The first option might set off alarm bells in your head, but caving in would likely provide huge amounts of American cash, and see more Canadian’s in the NFL. Heck, Toronto might one day cast off their rose coloured glasses for the Buffalo Bills and cheer for their own NFL team.
My thoughts are this: Right now, Canadian Football are still a quintissentially Canadian sport, and that might be the case forever, or, it might not be. Rather than waiting around to find out, the best thing you can do is purchase a ticket, go down and support your local team, particularly get amongst the great rivalries between the Argos and Tiger-Cats, Alouettes and Redblacks, Elks and Stampeders, and raise a glass to this brilliant game, because all good things must come to an end.
Article by Joseph Simpson, 16th May 2026
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